Category: Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam
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Cross-Examination (S. 142(2) BNS)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Cross-Examination (S. 142(2) BNS) Cross-examination is a critical stage in the trial process, serving as a primary tool to test the veracity, credibility, and reliability of witness testimony. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita(BNS), the rules governing cross-examination have been modernized to align with principles…
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Examination-in-Chief (S. 142(1) BNS)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Examination-in-Chief (S. 142 BNS) The process of examining witnesses forms the backbone of any criminal trial, ensuring that facts are presented before the court in a fair and structured manner. One of the most crucial stages in the presentation of evidence is the examination-in-chief,…
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Facts Which Need Not be Proved (Ss. 51-53 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part II > Facts Which Need Not be Proved (Ss. 51-53 BSA) According to Section 2(j) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, a fact is said to be proved when, after considering the matters before it, the Court either believes it to exist, or…
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Proved, Disproved, and Not Proved under BSA
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part I > Proved, Disproved, and Not Proved under BSA The administration of justice depends largely on the ability of courts to evaluate facts placed before them. This evaluation is governed by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which lays down the rules and principles…
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Concept Applications 1.1 (MCQs) and 1.2 (2 Marks)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part I > Concept Applications: Applicability of BSA These are FAqs which are generally asked on the applicability of BSA (The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023) Synopsis: Preamble of the Act: An Act to consolidate and to provide for general rules and principles of evidence…
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Character in Criminal Cases: Significance and Exceptions (Ss. 47 to 49 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part II > Character in Criminal Cases: Significance and Exceptions (Ss. 47 to 49 BSA) Character evidence is important in determining a person’s propensity to do something. A person’s propensity is their inherent tendency or inclination to act in a certain way. Character evidence…
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Character in Civil Cases: Significance and Exceptions (Ss. 46 and 50 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part II > Significance of Character in Civil Cases (Ss. 46 and 50 BSA) The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, lays down the principles governing the admissibility of evidence in judicial proceedings, with the primary objective of ensuring a fair and effective administration of justice.…
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Burden of Proof: General Meaning (Ss. 104 to 105 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Burden of Proof (Ss. 104 to 120 BSA) The burden of proof is a cornerstone of the legal system, playing a pivotal role in determining the outcome of legal disputes. It refers to the obligation of a party in a legal proceeding to prove…
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Doctrine of Estoppel (Ss. 121 to 123 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Doctrine of Estoppel (Ss. 121 to 123 BSA) The doctrine of estoppel, a fundamental principle in the realm of legal evidence, plays a crucial role in ensuring fairness and consistency in legal proceedings. Rooted in equity, estoppel prevents a party from asserting facts or…
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Hearsay Evidence When Admissible (Ss. 26, 27 and 161 BSA)
Law and You >Procedural Laws > Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 > Part II > Hearsay Evidence When Admissible (Ss. 26, 27 and 161 BSA) A fact to be proved by oral evidence must be stated before the court by a person who has first-hand knowledge on the facts to be proved. When a witness appears…